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The investigation is concerned with

  • 1 исследование

    investigation, research, study, analysis, discussion, tracing, examination, work, treatment
    • Большая часть исследования была сконцентрирована на поиске... - Much research has been concentrated on the search for...
    • В своем классическом исследовании Смит [1] установил, что... - In a classical investigation, Smith [1] established that...
    • Важно, что исследование также показывает, что... - Importantly, the study also shows that...
    • Вместо того, чтобы пытаться сделать общее исследование задачи, мы... - Rather than attempt a general investigation of the problem, we...
    • Все эти исследования основываются на одном и том же предположении. - All these studies rest on the same assumption.
    • Дальнейшее исследование, однако, показало, что... - Further investigation, however, has shown that...
    • Данная идея получила свое начало при исследовании... - The idea originated with the study of...
    • Для данного исследования мы возьмем... - For the present investigation we shall take...
    • Для данного исследования необходимо... - For this treatment it is necessary to...
    • До сих пор мы ограничивали наше исследование (чем-л). - So far we have confined our attention to...
    • До сих пор наше исследование было посвящено ( чему-л). - Our treatment has so far been confined to...
    • Долговременные исследования показали, что... - Long-term studies have shown that...
    • Другие исследования также указали, что... - Other studies have also indicated that...
    • Другое исследование показало, что... - Another study showed that...
    • Закончим наше исследование объяснением (чего-л). - We conclude our treatment with an explanation of...
    • Из этого исследования вытекает, что... - From this investigation it appears that...
    • Исследование... имеет долгую и интересную историю. - The study of... has a long and interesting history.
    • Исследование Смита [1] также свидетельствует о... - The research of Smith jlj also gives evidence of...
    • Исследование каждого случая отдельно приводит к... - Examination of each individual case leads to...
    • Исследование охватывает некоторые вопросы механики... - Investigation covers the fields of mechanics...
    • Исследование уравнения (4) показывает, что... - An examination of (4) shows that...
    • Исследование, продолжающееся два десятилетия, принесло удивительно немного результатов относительно... - Research spanning two decades has yielded surprisingly few results on...
    • Исследования... выявили, что... - Studies of... have revealed that...
    • Исследования показали важность... - The studies demonstrated the importance of...
    • Кажется, было относительно немного исследований... - There seem to have been relatively few investigations of...
    • Многочисленные исторические исследования показали, как... - Numerous historical analyses have shown how...
    • Могло бы показаться естественным начать наше исследование с... - It might seem natural to start our investigation with...
    • Мы использовали это в качестве отправного пункта нашего исследования. - We have taken this as a starting point for our investigation.
    • Мы ограничим наше исследование (проблемой и т. п.)... - We shall confine the investigation to...
    • Мы ограничим наше исследование (случаем и т. п.)... - We limit our study to...
    • Мы сейчас проведем более систематическое исследование... - We shall now make a more systematic study of...
    • Мы увидим, что данное исследование применимо также в случае... - It will be observed that this investigation applies also to the case of...
    • В действительности его исследование, похоже, показывает, что... - Actually his investigation seemed to show that...
    • Несколько исследований указывают, что... - Several studies indicate that...
    • Объектом исследования является... - The investigation is concerned with...
    • Однако имеются более ранние исследования, в которых... - However, there are more recent studies in which...
    • Однако легко обобщить это исследование на случай, когда... - It is easy, however, to generalize this treatment to the case of...
    • Однако наше исследование составляет лишь малую часть... - However, our study comprises only a small portion of...
    • Однако тщательное исследование показывает, что... - Careful study shows, however, that...
    • Описанные здесь исследования показывают, что... - The studies described here show that...
    • Повсюду в этом исследовании будет сделан акцент... - Throughout this treatment an effort will be made to...
    • Подробные исследования выявили, что... - Detailed studies have revealed that...
    • Продвижение в исследовании было тесно связано с... - The progress of research has been intimately connected with...
    • Чтобы предпринять подобное исследование, мы... - То undertake such a study we...
    • Чтобы упростить исследование, мы теперь введем... - То simplify the treatment we shall now introduce...
    • Эти задачи поддаются исследованию (с помощью)... - These problems are amenable to treatment by...
    • Это гипотеза, заслуживающая дальнейшего исследования. - This is a hypothesis worthy of further investigation.
    • Это исследование упрощается, если воспользоваться... - This study is facilitated by the use of...
    • Это предлагает широкое поле для исследований. - This offers a wide field for research.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > исследование

  • 2 объектом исследования является

    •

    The investigation is concerned with precision grinding techniques.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > объектом исследования является

  • 3 объектом исследования является

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > объектом исследования является

  • 4 nivel

    m.
    1 level, height (altura).
    al nivel de level with
    al nivel del mar at sea level
    la capital está a 250 metros sobre el nivel del mar the capital is 250 meters above sea level
    2 level, standard (grado).
    no tiene un buen nivel de inglés his level of English is poor
    una reunión al más alto nivel a meeting at the highest level, a top-level meeting
    al mismo nivel (que) on a level o par (with)
    a nivel europeo at a European level
    nivel mental level of intelligence
    nivel de vida standard of living
    3 spirit level (instrument).
    4 carpenter's level, level.
    5 floor, storey, decker.
    De dos niveles Used as a suffix -decker: Double-decker
    * * *
    1 (altura) level, height
    2 (categoría) level, standard, degree
    \
    a nivel de as for
    ■ a nivel de gastos as far as expenses are concerned, regarding expenses
    al más alto nivel at the highest level
    nivel de producción production level
    nivel de vida standard of living
    nivel del mar sea level
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=altura) level, height

    la nieve alcanzó un nivel de 1,5m — the snow reached a depth of 1.5m

    a nivel — [gen] level, flush; (=horizontal) horizontal

    al nivel de — on a level with, at the same height as, on the same level as

    paso a nivel — level crossing, grade crossing (EEUU)

    nivel de(l) aceite — (Aut etc) oil level

    2) [escolar, cultural] level, standard

    conferencia al más alto nivel, conferencia de alto nivel — high-level conference, top-level conference

    estar al nivel de — to be equal to, be on a level with

    niveles de audiencia — ratings, audience rating sing ; (TV) viewing figures

    3) (=instrumento) (tb: nivel de aire, nivel de burbuja) spirit level
    4)

    a nivel de — (=en cuanto a) as for, as regards; (=como) as; (=a tono con) in keeping with

    a nivel de viajes — so far as travel is concerned, regarding travel

    * * *
    a) ( altura) level
    b) (en escala, jerarquía) level
    * * *
    = degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], level, range, scale, threshold, rank, gradation, grade, plateau [plateaux, -pl.], stratum [strata, -pl.], tier, rung.
    Ex. This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.
    Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex. As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.
    Ex. In particular series entries are useful for series where the series title indicates a particular subject scope, style of approach, level or audience.
    Ex. Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.
    Ex. Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.
    Ex. But documents with the following terms assigned would be rejected on the grounds that their combined weights did not exceed the pre-selected threshold.
    Ex. However, Cutter suggested that we should ignore on economic grounds both upward links (from narrower to broader subjects) and collateral (sideways) links from one term to another of equal rank.
    Ex. Until the mid nineteen hundreds, this community presented an almost feudal pattern of wealthy merchants and factory hands, with several gradations between these extremes.
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. With the advent of both library on-line public access catalogue and end-user searching of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, the need for improved instruction in library use approaches a new plateau.
    Ex. However, amongst this stratum of the population, library users demonstrated greater residential stability.
    Ex. The author proposes a four tier planning framework for information technology, information systems and information management.
    Ex. In all types of libraries, programmes have been started, usually by keen librarians from the lower rungs of the profession.
    ----
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.
    * alfabetización a nivel mundial = world literacy.
    * al mismo nivel de = flush with.
    * al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.
    * alto nivel = high standard.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].
    * a un nivel básico = at a lay level.
    * a un nivel por debajo del nacional = sub-national [subnational].
    * a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level], at varying levels, many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * bajada de nivel = drawdown.
    * bajar el nivel = lower + the bar.
    * barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.
    * clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.
    * construido en dos niveles = split-level.
    * con una nivel de especialización medio = semi-skilled.
    * con un buen nivel = fluent.
    * con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].
    * con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.
    * con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].
    * curva de nivel = contour line.
    * dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.
    * de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.
    * de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.
    * de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * de dos niveles = two-tier.
    * de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de nivel intelectual medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range, mid-level.
    * de nivel superior = upper-level, top echelon, higher-level.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * descenso de nivel = drawdown.
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * de segundo nivel = second-level.
    * de tercer nivel = third-level.
    * de tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * de varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].
    * en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.
    * en dos niveles = split-level.
    * en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.
    * en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.
    * en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.
    * en otro nivel = on a different plane.
    * en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.
    * en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.
    * estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.
    * gestor de nivel medio = middle manager.
    * gran nivel = high standard.
    * nivel alto de dirección = higher management.
    * nivel alto de gestión = higher management.
    * nivel avanzado = advanced level.
    * nivel básico = introductory level.
    * nivel cultural = literacy.
    * nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.
    * nivel de adopción = adoption rate.
    * nivel de alfabetización = literacy, literacy rate.
    * nivel de analfabetismo = illiteracy rate.
    * nivel de atención = attention span.
    * nivel de azúcar en la sangre = level of blood sugar.
    * nivel de cobertura = depth of coverage.
    * nivel de colesterol = cholesterol level.
    * nivel de colesterol en la sangre = blood cholesterol level.
    * nivel de confianza = confidence level.
    * nivel de demanda = level of demand.
    * nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.
    * nivel de detalle = completeness, granularity, level of detail.
    * nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.
    * nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.
    * nivel de ingresos = income level, earning capacity, earning power.
    * nivel de la calle = road-level.
    * nivel del agua = water level.
    * nivel del alfabetización = literacy.
    * nivel de lectura = reading ability.
    * nivel de los usuarios = audience level.
    * nivel del público = audience level.
    * nivel del subconsciente, el = subconscious level, the.
    * nivel de luminosidad = light level.
    * nivel de pobreza = poverty level.
    * nivel de presentación = level of presentation.
    * nivel de ruido = noise level.
    * nivel de saciedad = point of futility.
    * nivel de satisfacción del usuario = user satisfaction.
    * nivel de saturación = point of futility.
    * nivel de solvencia = credit rating.
    * nivel de subdivisión = granularity.
    * nivel de utilización = degree of use.
    * nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.
    * nivel económico = wealth.
    * nivel educativo = educational level, education level, level of education.
    * nivel escolar = grade level.
    * niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.
    * nivel freático = groundwater table, water table.
    * nivel inferior = micro level [micro-leve/microlevel].
    * nivel intermedio = meso level, intermediate level.
    * nivel introductorio = introductory level.
    * nivel jerárquico falso = false link.
    * nivel máximo = high-water mark.
    * nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.
    * nivel medio = middle range.
    * nivel medio de gestión = middle management.
    * nivel mínimo = low-water mark.
    * nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.
    * nivel profesional = competence, professional level.
    * nivel salarial = salary bracket.
    * nivel socioeconómico = socioeconomic status.
    * nivel superior = top level, top layer, macro level [macro-leve/macrolevel].
    * ocupar un nivel de prioridad alto = be high on + list, rank + high on the list of priorities.
    * pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * paso a nivel = level-crossing.
    * persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.
    * por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.
    * preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.
    * rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.
    * ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.
    * sin ningún nivel de especialización = unskilled.
    * situado a nivel de la calle = ground-floor.
    * subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.
    * teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.
    * último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.
    * * *
    a) ( altura) level
    b) (en escala, jerarquía) level
    * * *
    = degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], level, range, scale, threshold, rank, gradation, grade, plateau [plateaux, -pl.], stratum [strata, -pl.], tier, rung.

    Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.

    Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex: As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.
    Ex: In particular series entries are useful for series where the series title indicates a particular subject scope, style of approach, level or audience.
    Ex: Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.
    Ex: Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.
    Ex: But documents with the following terms assigned would be rejected on the grounds that their combined weights did not exceed the pre-selected threshold.
    Ex: However, Cutter suggested that we should ignore on economic grounds both upward links (from narrower to broader subjects) and collateral (sideways) links from one term to another of equal rank.
    Ex: Until the mid nineteen hundreds, this community presented an almost feudal pattern of wealthy merchants and factory hands, with several gradations between these extremes.
    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex: With the advent of both library on-line public access catalogue and end-user searching of on-line and CD-ROM data bases, the need for improved instruction in library use approaches a new plateau.
    Ex: However, amongst this stratum of the population, library users demonstrated greater residential stability.
    Ex: The author proposes a four tier planning framework for information technology, information systems and information management.
    Ex: In all types of libraries, programmes have been started, usually by keen librarians from the lower rungs of the profession.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * alcanzar niveles mínimos = reach + a low ebb.
    * alfabetización a nivel mundial = world literacy.
    * al mismo nivel de = flush with.
    * al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.
    * alto nivel = high standard.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a un alto nivel = high level [high-level].
    * a un nivel básico = at a lay level.
    * a un nivel por debajo del nacional = sub-national [subnational].
    * a varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level], at varying levels, many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * bajada de nivel = drawdown.
    * bajar el nivel = lower + the bar.
    * barrera de paso a nivel = level-crossing gate.
    * clasificado por nivel de dificultad = graded.
    * construido en dos niveles = split-level.
    * con una nivel de especialización medio = semi-skilled.
    * con un buen nivel = fluent.
    * con un mayor nivel educativo = better educated [better-educated].
    * con un menor nivel educativo = lesser-educated.
    * con un nivel de estudios alto = well educated [well-educated].
    * curva de nivel = contour line.
    * dar un nivel de prioridad alto = put + Nombre + high on + Posesivo + list of priorities.
    * de alto nivel = of a high order, high level [high-level], high-powered.
    * de bajo nivel = lower-level, low-level.
    * de diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * de dos niveles = two-tier.
    * de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * de nivel intelectual medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range, mid-level.
    * de nivel superior = upper-level, top echelon, higher-level.
    * de primer nivel = first-level.
    * descenso de nivel = drawdown.
    * descripción bibliográfica de primer nivel = first-level bibliographic description.
    * de segundo nivel = second-level.
    * de tercer nivel = third-level.
    * de tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * de varios niveles = multilevel [multi-level].
    * en cuatro niveles = quadraplaner.
    * en dos niveles = split-level.
    * en el nivel básico = at grass roots level.
    * en el nivel intermedio de = in the middle range of.
    * en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.
    * en otro nivel = on a different plane.
    * en su nivel más bajo = at its lowest ebb.
    * en un nivel bajo = at a low ebb.
    * estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.
    * gestor de nivel medio = middle manager.
    * gran nivel = high standard.
    * nivel alto de dirección = higher management.
    * nivel alto de gestión = higher management.
    * nivel avanzado = advanced level.
    * nivel básico = introductory level.
    * nivel cultural = literacy.
    * nivel de aceptación = adoption rate, acceptance rate.
    * nivel de adopción = adoption rate.
    * nivel de alfabetización = literacy, literacy rate.
    * nivel de analfabetismo = illiteracy rate.
    * nivel de atención = attention span.
    * nivel de azúcar en la sangre = level of blood sugar.
    * nivel de cobertura = depth of coverage.
    * nivel de colesterol = cholesterol level.
    * nivel de colesterol en la sangre = blood cholesterol level.
    * nivel de confianza = confidence level.
    * nivel de demanda = level of demand.
    * nivel de desarrollo = stage of development, developmental level, development level, level of development.
    * nivel de detalle = completeness, granularity, level of detail.
    * nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.
    * nivel de estudios = educational background, level of education.
    * nivel de ingresos = income level, earning capacity, earning power.
    * nivel de la calle = road-level.
    * nivel del agua = water level.
    * nivel del alfabetización = literacy.
    * nivel de lectura = reading ability.
    * nivel de los usuarios = audience level.
    * nivel del público = audience level.
    * nivel del subconsciente, el = subconscious level, the.
    * nivel de luminosidad = light level.
    * nivel de pobreza = poverty level.
    * nivel de presentación = level of presentation.
    * nivel de ruido = noise level.
    * nivel de saciedad = point of futility.
    * nivel de satisfacción del usuario = user satisfaction.
    * nivel de saturación = point of futility.
    * nivel de solvencia = credit rating.
    * nivel de subdivisión = granularity.
    * nivel de utilización = degree of use.
    * nivel de vida = standard of living, living standard.
    * nivel económico = wealth.
    * nivel educativo = educational level, education level, level of education.
    * nivel escolar = grade level.
    * niveles de detalle en la descripción = levels of detail in the description.
    * nivel freático = groundwater table, water table.
    * nivel inferior = micro level [micro-leve/microlevel].
    * nivel intermedio = meso level, intermediate level.
    * nivel introductorio = introductory level.
    * nivel jerárquico falso = false link.
    * nivel máximo = high-water mark.
    * nivel máximo del agua = high-water mark.
    * nivel medio = middle range.
    * nivel medio de gestión = middle management.
    * nivel mínimo = low-water mark.
    * nivel mínimo del agua = low-water mark.
    * nivel profesional = competence, professional level.
    * nivel salarial = salary bracket.
    * nivel socioeconómico = socioeconomic status.
    * nivel superior = top level, top layer, macro level [macro-leve/macrolevel].
    * ocupar un nivel de prioridad alto = be high on + list, rank + high on the list of priorities.
    * pasar al siguiente nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * paso a nivel = level-crossing.
    * persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * persona de nivel cultural bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * persona de nivel intelectual bajo = lowbrow [low-brow].
    * poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.
    * por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.
    * preparación contra emergencias a nivel nacional = domestic preparedness.
    * rebajarse al nivel de Alguien = get down to + Posesivo + level.
    * ser de alto nivel = be at a high level.
    * sin ningún nivel de especialización = unskilled.
    * situado a nivel de la calle = ground-floor.
    * subir de nivel = move it up + a gear, take it up + a gear, notch it up + a gear, take it up + a notch, crank it up + a notch, crank it up + a gear, move it up + a notch.
    * subir el nivel = raise + standard, raise + the bar.
    * teoría de niveles integrados = theory of integrative levels.
    * último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.

    * * *
    A
    1 (altura) level
    está a 2.300 metros sobre el nivel del mar it is 2,300 meters above sea level
    pon los cuadros al mismo nivel hang the pictures at the same height
    2 (en una escala, jerarquía) level
    negociaciones al más alto nivel top-level negotiations
    un funcionario de bajo nivel a low-ranking civil servant
    a nivel de mandos medios at middle-management level
    una solución a nivel internacional an international solution
    la obra no llega a pasar del nivel de un melodrama the play never rises above melodrama
    no está al nivel de los demás he's not up to the same standard as the others, he's not on a par with the others
    no supo estar al nivel de las circunstancias he failed to rise to the occasion, he didn't live up to expectations
    es incapaz de comprometerse tanto a nivel político como a nivel personal he's incapable of committing himself either politically or emotionally o on either a political or an emotional level
    Compuestos:
    standard of living
    water table
    B ( Const) tb
    nivel de burbuja or de aire spirit level
    * * *

     

    nivel sustantivo masculino

    b) (en escala, jerarquía) level;


    nivel de vida standard of living;
    no está al nivel de los demás he's not up to the same standard as the others;
    el nivel de las universidades mexicanas the standard of Mexican universities
    nivel sustantivo masculino
    1 (de las aguas, de un punto) level: estamos tres metros sobre el nivel del mar, we are at three metres above sea level
    2 (cultural, social, económico) level, standard: su nivel de francés es peor que el tuyo, her level of French is lower than yours
    3 (jerarquía) level
    4 (utensilio) level
    5 Ferroc paso a nivel, level crossing, US grade crossing
    ' nivel' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alta
    - alto
    - altura
    - baja
    - bajo
    - escalón
    - indicador
    - indicadora
    - ministerial
    - paso
    - plana
    - plano
    - ras
    - tren
    - alcanzar
    - azúcar
    - chato
    - competir
    - creces
    - crecida
    - cultural
    - descender
    - descenso
    - desnivelado
    - elemental
    - elevar
    - equiparar
    - hundimiento
    - hundir
    - intermedio
    - menguar
    - parejo
    - rango
    - sobre
    - sobrepasar
    - superior
    English:
    above
    - academic
    - catch up
    - crossing
    - down
    - grade
    - ground level
    - high-level
    - high-powered
    - intermediate
    - keep up
    - level
    - level crossing
    - living standards
    - maintain
    - oil
    - oil gauge
    - par
    - plane
    - proficiency
    - quality
    - rank
    - reach
    - sea-level
    - spirit level
    - stand
    - standard
    - top
    - top-level
    - up to
    - water level
    - watermark
    - A level
    - basis
    - bracket
    - catch
    - comprehensive
    - contour
    - county
    - deck
    - degree
    - descend
    - dumb
    - ground
    - high
    - keep
    - lapse
    - living
    - lowest common denominator
    - low
    * * *
    nivel nm
    1. [altura] level, height;
    al nivel de level with;
    al nivel del mar at sea level;
    la capital está a 250 metros sobre el nivel del mar the capital is 250 metres above sea level
    2. [piso, capa] level
    Geol nivel freático groundwater level o table
    3. [grado] level, standard;
    a nivel europeo at a European level;
    son los líderes a nivel mundial they are the world leaders;
    un problema que hay que abordar a nivel mundial a problem that has to be tackled internationally o globally;
    tiene un buen nivel de inglés she speaks good English;
    en esa universidad tienen un nivel altísimo the standard at that university is very high;
    una reunión al más alto nivel a meeting at the highest level, a top-level meeting;
    al mismo nivel (que) on a level o par (with)
    Informát nivel de acceso access level;
    nivel de colesterol cholesterol level;
    Informát niveles de gris grey(scale) levels;
    nivel mental level of intelligence;
    nivel de vida standard of living
    4. [instrumento]
    nivel (de burbuja) spirit level
    5.
    a nivel de [considerado incorrecto] as regards, as for;
    a nivel de salarios as regards o as for salaries;
    a nivel personal estoy contento on a personal level I'm happy
    * * *
    m
    1 level;
    a nivel mundial/nacional at o on a global/national level;
    un incremento del 4% a nivel nacional a 4% increase nationwide
    2 ( altura) height
    * * *
    nivel nm
    1) : level, height
    nivel del mar: sea level
    2) : level, standard
    nivel de vida: standard of living
    * * *
    1. (en general) level
    2. (calidad) standard

    Spanish-English dictionary > nivel

  • 5 grado

    m.
    1 degree.
    grado centígrado degree centigrade
    2 degree.
    quemaduras de primer grado first-degree burns
    mostró un alto grado de preparación he was very well prepared
    en menor grado to a lesser extent o degree
    en grado sumo greatly
    3 grade (rango).
    4 year, class (education).
    5 score, grade.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: gradar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) degree
    2 (estado) stage
    3 EDUCACIÓN (curso) class, year, US grade
    5 (peldaño) step
    6 MILITAR rank
    7 LINGÚÍSTICA degree
    \
    de buen grado willingly, with good grace
    de mal grado unwillingly, with bad grace
    en sumo grado to the highest degree
    en tal grado so much so
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=nivel) degree

    quemaduras de primer/segundo grado — first-/second-degree burns

    • en alto grado — to a great degree

    • de grado en grado — step by step, by degrees

    • en mayor grado — to a greater degree o extent

    • en menor grado — to a lesser degree o extent

    • en sumo grado o en grado sumo, era humillante en sumo grado — it was humiliating in the extreme

    • en grado superlativo — in the extreme

    • tercer grado (penitenciario) — Esp lowest category within the prison system which allows day release privileges

    2) (Geog, Mat, Fís) degree
    3) [de escalafón] grade; (Mil) rank
    4) (=etapa) stage
    5) esp LAm (Educ) (=curso) year, grade (EEUU); (=título) degree

    colación de grados — Arg conferment of degrees

    6) (Ling) degree of comparison

    adjetivos en grado comparativo — comparative adjectives, comparatives

    adjetivos en grado superlativo — superlative adjectives, superlatives

    7) (=gusto)

    • de (buen) grado — willingly

    • de mal grado — unwillingly

    de grado o por (la) fuerza —

    otros muchos países entraron en guerra, de grado o por la fuerza — many other countries were forced willy-nilly to enter the war

    pues tendrás que ir, de grado o por la fuerza — well you'll have to go, like it or not

    8) [de escalera] step
    9) pl grados (Rel) minor orders
    * * *
    1)
    a) (nivel, cantidad) degree

    el asunto se ha complicado en or (AmL) a tal grado... — things have become so complicated...

    en grado sumo: me preocupó en grado sumo it caused me great concern; nos complace en grado sumo comunicarle que... — it gives us great pleasure to inform you that...

    b) ( de parentesco) degree
    2) ( de escalafón) grade

    de buen/mal grado — willingly/unwillingly

    4)
    a) (Fís, Meteo) degree
    b) (Geog, Mat) degree
    c) (Vin) degree
    5)
    a) (esp AmL) (Educ) (curso, año) year
    b) ( título)
    * * *
    = degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], magnitude, range, rate, scale, to what extent, grade, quotient, degree.
    Ex. This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.
    Ex. The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex. As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.
    Ex. Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.
    Ex. Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.
    Ex. Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.
    Ex. Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.
    Ex. Clearly an index must permit access to a document by its central theme, but, to what extent should access be provided to secondary or subsidiary topics considered within a document?.
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. One reads, for instance, that a parameter in assessing the maximum period a user can be kept waiting is the 'aggravation quotient'.
    Ex. In cartography reference system is the method by which one can locate a place on a map, eg (a) degrees of latitude and longitude; (b) a grid reference.
    ----
    * alumno de cuarto grado = fourth grader.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.
    * cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.
    * cierto grado de = a degree of.
    * de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.
    * de grado básico = junior grade.
    * delito de menor grado = misdemeanour [misdimeanor, -USA].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de segundo grado = second-degree, in the second degree.
    * el grado de = the extent of.
    * el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.
    * el grado en que = the extent to which.
    * en cierto grado = something of.
    * en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.
    * en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.
    * en diverso grado = to varying degrees.
    * en diversos grados = to varying extents.
    * en este grado = to this extent.
    * en grado mínimo = minimally.
    * en mayor grado = to a greater degree, a fortiori, to a greater extent, to a larger degree, to a larger extent.
    * en mayor o menor grado = to a greater or lesser degree.
    * en menor grado = to a lesser extent, to a lesser degree.
    * en sumo grado = in the extreme.
    * en tercer grado = in the third degree.
    * en un grado bastante aceptable = to a fair extent.
    * en un grado sumo = in the extreme.
    * escala que consta de nueve grados = nine-point scale.
    * girar 180 grados = move + 180 degrees.
    * grado centígrado (ºC) = degree centigrade (ºC).
    * grado de aceptación = acceptance rate.
    * grado de acidez = pH, ph value.
    * grado de adecuación = degree of fit.
    * grado de citación = citedness.
    * grado de cobertura = depth of coverage.
    * grado de coincidencia entre el tema de un documento y el tema de búsqueda = topicality.
    * grado de compleción = completeness.
    * grado de escepticismo = degree of skepticism.
    * grado de integración = scale of integration.
    * grado de no citación = uncitedness.
    * grado de pertinencia = recall tendency.
    * grado de precisión = degree of detail.
    * grado de proximidad entre dos = betweenness.
    * grado de relación = relatedness measure.
    * grado medio = middle grade.
    * grado superlativo = superlative.
    * hasta tal grado que = so much so that.
    * salón de grados = conference room.
    * tomarse Algo de buen grado = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * un cierto grado de = a certain amount of, a modicum of.
    * vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (nivel, cantidad) degree

    el asunto se ha complicado en or (AmL) a tal grado... — things have become so complicated...

    en grado sumo: me preocupó en grado sumo it caused me great concern; nos complace en grado sumo comunicarle que... — it gives us great pleasure to inform you that...

    b) ( de parentesco) degree
    2) ( de escalafón) grade

    de buen/mal grado — willingly/unwillingly

    4)
    a) (Fís, Meteo) degree
    b) (Geog, Mat) degree
    c) (Vin) degree
    5)
    a) (esp AmL) (Educ) (curso, año) year
    b) ( título)
    * * *
    = degree, extent, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], magnitude, range, rate, scale, to what extent, grade, quotient, degree.

    Ex: This degree of standardisation is not the pattern outside of this specific area of application.

    Ex: The extent of searchable elements will vary from one data base to another.
    Ex: As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.
    Ex: Only those who have attempted to edit the proceedings of a conference can appreciate the magnitude and scope of such an enterprise.
    Ex: Overall, the library media specialists experienced stress in the mild to moderate range.
    Ex: Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.
    Ex: Various scales of relevance ratings may be established.
    Ex: Clearly an index must permit access to a document by its central theme, but, to what extent should access be provided to secondary or subsidiary topics considered within a document?.
    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex: One reads, for instance, that a parameter in assessing the maximum period a user can be kept waiting is the 'aggravation quotient'.
    Ex: In cartography reference system is the method by which one can locate a place on a map, eg (a) degrees of latitude and longitude; (b) a grid reference.
    * alumno de cuarto grado = fourth grader.
    * asesinato en primer grado = first-degree murder.
    * bebida alcohólica con muchos grados = hard drink, hard liquor.
    * cada vez en mayor grado = ever-increasing.
    * cierto grado de = a degree of.
    * de buen grado = willing, good-humouredly, good-humoured, good-naturedly.
    * de grado básico = junior grade.
    * delito de menor grado = misdemeanour [misdimeanor, -USA].
    * de primer grado = in the first degree.
    * de segundo grado = second-degree, in the second degree.
    * el grado de = the extent of.
    * el grado de + Nombre = the breadth and depth of + Nombre.
    * el grado en que = the extent to which.
    * en cierto grado = something of.
    * en diferente grado = differing, in varying measures.
    * en distinto grado = in varying measures, differing, to varying degrees.
    * en diverso grado = to varying degrees.
    * en diversos grados = to varying extents.
    * en este grado = to this extent.
    * en grado mínimo = minimally.
    * en mayor grado = to a greater degree, a fortiori, to a greater extent, to a larger degree, to a larger extent.
    * en mayor o menor grado = to a greater or lesser degree.
    * en menor grado = to a lesser extent, to a lesser degree.
    * en sumo grado = in the extreme.
    * en tercer grado = in the third degree.
    * en un grado bastante aceptable = to a fair extent.
    * en un grado sumo = in the extreme.
    * escala que consta de nueve grados = nine-point scale.
    * girar 180 grados = move + 180 degrees.
    * grado centígrado (ºC) = degree centigrade (ºC).
    * grado de aceptación = acceptance rate.
    * grado de acidez = pH, ph value.
    * grado de adecuación = degree of fit.
    * grado de citación = citedness.
    * grado de cobertura = depth of coverage.
    * grado de coincidencia entre el tema de un documento y el tema de búsqueda = topicality.
    * grado de compleción = completeness.
    * grado de escepticismo = degree of skepticism.
    * grado de integración = scale of integration.
    * grado de no citación = uncitedness.
    * grado de pertinencia = recall tendency.
    * grado de precisión = degree of detail.
    * grado de proximidad entre dos = betweenness.
    * grado de relación = relatedness measure.
    * grado medio = middle grade.
    * grado superlativo = superlative.
    * hasta tal grado que = so much so that.
    * salón de grados = conference room.
    * tomarse Algo de buen grado = take + Nombre + in good humour.
    * un cierto grado de = a certain amount of, a modicum of.
    * vida + dar un giro de 180 grados = turn + Posesivo + life around.

    * * *
    A
    1 (nivel, cantidad) degree
    otro ejemplo del grado de confusión reinante another example of the degree of confusion that prevails
    depende del grado de libertad que tengan it depends on how much freedom o the degree of freedom they enjoy
    el asunto se ha complicado en or ( AmL) a tal grado que no le veo solución things have become so complicated that I can't see any solution
    en grado sumo: la noticia me preocupó en grado sumo the news worried me greatly o caused me great concern
    nos complace en grado sumo poder comunicarle que … it gives us great pleasure to be able to inform you that …
    son primos en segundo grado they are second cousins
    un oficial de grado superior a high-ranking officer
    medio1 (↑ medio (1))
    C
    (disposición): de buen grado readily, willingly, with good grace
    de mal grado reluctantly, unwillingly, with bad grace
    D
    estamos a tres grados bajo cero it's three degrees below zero, it's minus three degrees
    2 ( Geog, Mat) degree
    a un ángulo de 60 grados at an angle of 60 degrees, at a 60° angle
    25 grados de latitud/longitud 25 degrees latitude/longitude
    3 ( Vin) degree
    un vino de 12 grados a 12% proof wine
    Compuestos:
    ● grado centígrado or Celsius
    degree centigrade o Celsius
    degree Fahrenheit
    E
    1 ( esp AmL) ( Educ) (curso, año) year, grade ( AmE), form ( BrE)
    2
    (título): tiene el grado de licenciado he has a college degree ( AmE), he has a university degree ( BrE)
    F ( Ling) degree
    grado positivo/comparativo positive/comparative degree
    G ( Der) stage
    el juicio se halla en grado de apelación/revisión the trial is at the appeal/review stage
    * * *

     

    grado sustantivo masculino
    1 ( en general) degree;

    grado centígrado or Celsius/Fahrenheit degree centigrade o Celsius/Fahrenheit;
    el grado de confusión reinante the degree of confusion that prevails;
    en grado sumo extremely
    2 ( de escalafón) grade;
    (Mil) rank
    3 ( disposición):
    ◊ de buen/mal grado willingly/unwillingly

    4
    a) (esp AmL) (Educ) (curso, año) year

    b) ( título):

    ◊ tiene el grado de licenciado he has a college (AmE) o (BrE) university degree

    grado sustantivo masculino
    1 degree
    2 Mil rank
    3 (gusto, voluntad) desire, will
    ♦ Locuciones: de buen/mal grado, willingly/reluctantly
    ' grado' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    categoría
    - coeficiente
    - colmo
    - ecuación
    - insolación
    - jerarquía
    - mayor
    - medida
    - menor
    - menos
    - mínimamente
    - poder
    - punto
    - superior
    - décima
    - enfadado
    - enfadar
    - enojado
    - enojar
    - extensión
    - grande
    English:
    accurately
    - degree
    - extent
    - extreme
    - first-degree
    - grace
    - grade
    - grind
    - insofar
    - may
    - optimum
    - point
    - rank
    - registrar
    - subaltern
    - commission
    - freely
    - lesser
    * * *
    grado nm
    1. [de temperatura] degree
    grado Celsius degree Celsius;
    grado centígrado degree centigrade;
    grado Fahrenheit degree Fahrenheit;
    grado Kelvin kelvin
    2. [de alcohol]
    ¿cuántos grados tiene ese whisky? how strong is that whisky?;
    alcohol de 90 grados 90 degree proof alcohol
    3. [índice, nivel] degree;
    el candidato mostró un alto grado de preparación the candidate was very well prepared;
    un fenómeno que afecta en menor grado a las ciudades a phenomenon that affects cities to a lesser extent o degree;
    eso depende del grado de intransigencia de la gente that depends on how prepared people are to compromise;
    están examinando su grado de ceguera they're checking to see how blind she is;
    la situación empeoró en tal o Am [m5]a tal grado que… the situation deteriorated to such a degree o to such an extent that…;
    en grado sumo greatly
    4. [en escala] degree;
    quemaduras de primer grado first-degree burns;
    asesinato en segundo grado second-degree murder
    5. [rango] grade;
    es primo mío en segundo grado he's my second cousin
    6. Mil rank
    7. Educ [año] year, class, US grade
    8. Educ [título] degree;
    obtuvo el grado de doctor he obtained his doctorate
    9. Ling degree
    grado comparativo comparative degree;
    grado superlativo superlative degree
    10. Mat [de ángulo] degree
    11. Mat [de ecuación]
    una ecuación de segundo grado a quadratic equation
    12. [voluntad]
    hacer algo de buen/mal grado to do sth willingly/unwillingly;
    te lo prestaré de buen grado I'd be happy to lend it to you
    * * *
    m
    1 degree;
    2
    :
    de buen grado with good grace, readily;
    de mal grado with bad grace, reluctantly
    * * *
    grado nm
    1) : degree (in meteorology and mathematics)
    grado centígrado: degree centigrade
    2) : extent, level, degree
    en grado sumo: greatly, to the highest degree
    3) rango: rank
    4) : year, class (in education)
    5)
    de buen grado : willingly, readily
    * * *
    grado n degree

    Spanish-English dictionary > grado

  • 6 contrato

    m.
    contract (commerce).
    bajo contrato under contract
    contrato administrativo administrative contract
    contrato de alquiler lease, tenancy agreement
    contrato basura short-term contract
    contrato fijo o indefinido permanent contract
    contrato laboral o de trabajo work contract
    contrato mercantil commercial contract
    contrato en prácticas work-experience contract
    contrato temporal temporary o short-term contract
    contrato verbal oral contract
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: contratar.
    * * *
    1 contract
    \
    contrato de alquiler / contrato de arrendamiento lease, leasing agreement
    contrato de compraventa contract of sale
    contrato de trabajo work contract
    contrato temporal temporary contract
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM contract (de for)

    contrato de alquiler — [de casa] lease, leasing agreement; [de coche] rental contract, hire contract

    contrato de mantenimiento — maintenance contract, service agreement

    contrato de trabajo — contract of employment, contract of service

    * * *
    masculino contract
    * * *
    = appointment, contract, terms, indenture, contractual agreement, contractual relationship.
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. Many packages are available for purchase or lease, but there are also strictly in-house packages and packages developed by specific software houses under contract from one organisation.
    Ex. By the beginning of the nineteenth century many British printers had come to rely for most of their work on relays of apprentices, who were simply discharged at the end of their terms and replaced by new apprentices.
    Ex. So, unlike most state association or municipal library awarded grants, there was no stipulation of indenture to a state or a library for a number of years if the award was accepted.
    Ex. The use of electronic information everywhere in the world is usually defined and described by contractual agreements, otherwise known as licenses = El uso de la información electrónica en todo el mundo normalmente se define y describe mediante acuerdos contractuales que se conocen como licencias.
    Ex. Data base producers must first decide how to structure their contractual relationship with the vendors and/or endusers = Los creadores de las bases de datos primero deben decidir cómo especificar sus relaciones contracturales con los proveedores y/o los usuarios finales.
    ----
    * bridge-contrato = contract bridge.
    * celebrar un contrato = enter into + contract.
    * conceder un contrato = award + contract.
    * condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.
    * contrato basado en las diferencias de género = gender contract.
    * contrato de alquiler = rental agreement, lease.
    * contrato de arrendamiento = lease.
    * contrato de compraventa = conveyance.
    * contrato de trabajo = contract position.
    * contrato fijo = tenure.
    * contrato social = social contract.
    * estipulaciones de un contrato = contract stipulations.
    * firma del contrato = contract signature.
    * firmar un contrato = issue + contract, sign + contract, make + contract, enter into + contract.
    * hacer un contrato = take out + contract.
    * incumplimiento de contrato = breach of contract.
    * lenguaje de los contratos = contract language.
    * ley sobre contratos = contract law.
    * negociar los términos de un contrato = negotiate + terms.
    * obligado por contrato = indentured.
    * parte en un contrato = contracting party.
    * rescindir un contrato = buy + Nombre + out of.
    * términos de un contrato = contract stipulations.
    * * *
    masculino contract
    * * *
    = appointment, contract, terms, indenture, contractual agreement, contractual relationship.

    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

    Ex: Many packages are available for purchase or lease, but there are also strictly in-house packages and packages developed by specific software houses under contract from one organisation.
    Ex: By the beginning of the nineteenth century many British printers had come to rely for most of their work on relays of apprentices, who were simply discharged at the end of their terms and replaced by new apprentices.
    Ex: So, unlike most state association or municipal library awarded grants, there was no stipulation of indenture to a state or a library for a number of years if the award was accepted.
    Ex: The use of electronic information everywhere in the world is usually defined and described by contractual agreements, otherwise known as licenses = El uso de la información electrónica en todo el mundo normalmente se define y describe mediante acuerdos contractuales que se conocen como licencias.
    Ex: Data base producers must first decide how to structure their contractual relationship with the vendors and/or endusers = Los creadores de las bases de datos primero deben decidir cómo especificar sus relaciones contracturales con los proveedores y/o los usuarios finales.
    * bridge-contrato = contract bridge.
    * celebrar un contrato = enter into + contract.
    * conceder un contrato = award + contract.
    * condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.
    * contrato basado en las diferencias de género = gender contract.
    * contrato de alquiler = rental agreement, lease.
    * contrato de arrendamiento = lease.
    * contrato de compraventa = conveyance.
    * contrato de trabajo = contract position.
    * contrato fijo = tenure.
    * contrato social = social contract.
    * estipulaciones de un contrato = contract stipulations.
    * firma del contrato = contract signature.
    * firmar un contrato = issue + contract, sign + contract, make + contract, enter into + contract.
    * hacer un contrato = take out + contract.
    * incumplimiento de contrato = breach of contract.
    * lenguaje de los contratos = contract language.
    * ley sobre contratos = contract law.
    * negociar los términos de un contrato = negotiate + terms.
    * obligado por contrato = indentured.
    * parte en un contrato = contracting party.
    * rescindir un contrato = buy + Nombre + out of.
    * términos de un contrato = contract stipulations.

    * * *
    contract
    firmar un contrato to sign a contract
    decidió rescindirle el contrato she decided to cancel his contract
    incumplimiento de contrato breach of contract
    Compuestos:
    rental agreement, lease
    contract of sale and purchase
    maintenance contract
    contract of employment
    marriage contract
    * * *

     

    Del verbo contratar: ( conjugate contratar)

    contrato es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    contrató es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    contratar    
    contrato
    contratar ( conjugate contratar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹empleado/obrero› to hire, take on;

    ‹artista/deportista› to sign up;
    ‹ servicios› to contract
    b) (Const) ‹ ejecución de una obra› to put … out to contract

    contrato sustantivo masculino
    contract;

    contrato de compraventa/de trabajo contract of sale and purchase/of employment
    contratar verbo transitivo to hire, engage
    contrato sustantivo masculino contract
    contrato a tiempo parcial, part-time contract
    contrato bilateral, bilateral contract
    contrato de alquiler, lease, leasing agreement
    contrato de compraventa, contract of sale
    contrato leonino, onerous contract
    contrato unilateral, unilateral contract

    ' contrato' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    adjudicar
    - adjudicación
    - anulación
    - ceñirse
    - incumplir
    - incumplimiento
    - liquidación
    - no
    - parcial
    - precipitadamente
    - prorrogable
    - rechazar
    - redactar
    - rescindir
    - romper
    - subastar
    - supeditar
    - suscribir
    - término
    - vencer
    - vendedor
    - vendedora
    - violar
    - violación
    - alquiler
    - anular
    - arrendamiento
    - borrador
    - cumplir
    - determinar
    - disolución
    - disolver
    - formalizar
    - leasing
    - multimillonario
    - parte
    - prolongar
    - ratificar
    - renovación
    - renovar
    - ruptura
    - seguro
    - vigente
    English:
    agreement
    - applicable
    - apprentice
    - bind
    - binding
    - bond
    - breach
    - cancel
    - clause
    - condition
    - contract
    - draft
    - draw up
    - duration
    - execute
    - expiry
    - extend
    - formalize
    - fulfil
    - fulfill
    - golden parachute
    - guard
    - lapse
    - lawful
    - lease
    - legal
    - negotiate
    - nullify
    - push through
    - run
    - run out
    - service contract
    - sign on
    - stand
    - tenancy agreement
    - terminate
    - void
    - bill
    - fixed
    - lose
    * * *
    contract;
    firmar un contrato to sign a contract;
    romper un contrato to break (the terms of) a contract;
    incumplimiento de contrato breach of contract;
    bajo contrato under contract;
    por contrato contractually
    contrato administrativo administrative contract;
    contrato de alquiler lease, Br tenancy o US rental agreement;
    contrato de aprendizaje apprentice contract;
    contrato basura short-term contract [with poor conditions];
    contrato blindado golden parachute, cast-iron contract;
    contrato de compraventa contract of sale;
    contrato de exclusividad exclusive agreement;
    contrato fijo permanent contract;
    contrato indefinido permanent contract;
    contrato laboral work contract;
    contrato de licencia licensing agreement;
    contrato de mantenimiento maintenance contract;
    contrato matrimonial marriage contract;
    contrato mercantil commercial contract;
    contrato en prácticas work-experience contract;
    contrato social social contract;
    contrato temporal temporary o short-term o fixed-term contract;
    contrato a tiempo parcial part-time contract;
    contrato de trabajo work contract;
    contrato verbal verbal contract
    * * *
    m contract
    * * *
    : contract
    * * *
    contrato n contract

    Spanish-English dictionary > contrato

  • 7 puesto de trabajo

    job
    * * *
    ( empleo) job; (Inf) workstation
    * * *
    (n.) = appointment, position, post, opening, career path, professional position, position held
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. He has held a variety of positions of increasing responsibility.
    Ex. The chief librarian or director of libraries, by which title the post is sometimes now known, will in general be fully occupied with making decisions on internal professional policy.
    Ex. You'll have to call him and tell him there's been a mix-up and that he'll be called as soon as there's another opening.
    Ex. At present the onus appears to be on individual library directors to develop alternative career paths and escape routes = Por ahora la responsabilidad de desarrollar trayectorias profesionales y vías de escape alternativas parece recaer sobre los directores de la biblioteca en cuestión.
    Ex. In virtually all of her professional positions she has been involved with the handling of documents.
    Ex. Data on doctoral graduates are discussed in terms of socioeconomic factors, educational background, position held, prior professional experience, salaries, professional membership, and publications.
    * * *
    ( empleo) job; (Inf) workstation
    * * *
    (n.) = appointment, position, post, opening, career path, professional position, position held

    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

    Ex: He has held a variety of positions of increasing responsibility.
    Ex: The chief librarian or director of libraries, by which title the post is sometimes now known, will in general be fully occupied with making decisions on internal professional policy.
    Ex: You'll have to call him and tell him there's been a mix-up and that he'll be called as soon as there's another opening.
    Ex: At present the onus appears to be on individual library directors to develop alternative career paths and escape routes = Por ahora la responsabilidad de desarrollar trayectorias profesionales y vías de escape alternativas parece recaer sobre los directores de la biblioteca en cuestión.
    Ex: In virtually all of her professional positions she has been involved with the handling of documents.
    Ex: Data on doctoral graduates are discussed in terms of socioeconomic factors, educational background, position held, prior professional experience, salaries, professional membership, and publications.

    * * *
    job

    Spanish-English dictionary > puesto de trabajo

  • 8 tarea bibliotecaria

    (n.) = library operation, library task, library function, library duty, library process
    Ex. Rejuvenation of listless, stagnant, or failing library operations is possible through renewal methods dependent on strengthening the communication function.
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. The survey aimed to ascertain the degree of computerisation of any and all library functions in any type of school-related setting.
    Ex. Library duties discussed include book selection and counter work of various types = Las tareas bibliotecarias que se discuten incluyen la selección de libros y el trabajo de mostrador de diversos tipos.
    Ex. Part 1 deals with library processes, including selection, checking and claiming, cataloguing and jettisoning.
    * * *
    (n.) = library operation, library task, library function, library duty, library process

    Ex: Rejuvenation of listless, stagnant, or failing library operations is possible through renewal methods dependent on strengthening the communication function.

    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex: The survey aimed to ascertain the degree of computerisation of any and all library functions in any type of school-related setting.
    Ex: Library duties discussed include book selection and counter work of various types = Las tareas bibliotecarias que se discuten incluyen la selección de libros y el trabajo de mostrador de diversos tipos.
    Ex: Part 1 deals with library processes, including selection, checking and claiming, cataloguing and jettisoning.

    Spanish-English dictionary > tarea bibliotecaria

  • 9 contratación

    f.
    1 deal, contract.
    2 hiring.
    3 preparation of a contract.
    * * *
    1 (contrato - obrero) hiring; (- empleado) engagement
    2 (pedido) total orders plural, volume of business
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de albañil, fontanero] hiring; [de abogado] hiring, contracting frm; [de empleado] recruitment
    2) [de vehículo, servicio] hiring, hire
    * * *
    a) (de personal, servicio) contracting, hiring
    b) ( en la bolsa) transactions (pl), trading
    * * *
    = appointment, hiring, recruitment.
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. About that time, the council as one of their austerity measures had issued a moratorium on all hiring except for 'absolutely essential services'.
    Ex. For 'concept' may be read any relatively elementary term such as Libraries, Staff, Buildings, recruitment, Chemistry.
    ----
    * antes de la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].
    * con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].
    * con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].
    * contratación de personal cualificado de otras empresas = lateral hiring.
    * contratación de seguros = insurance broking.
    * contratación fija = tenure.
    * después de la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].
    * * *
    a) (de personal, servicio) contracting, hiring
    b) ( en la bolsa) transactions (pl), trading
    * * *
    = appointment, hiring, recruitment.

    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

    Ex: About that time, the council as one of their austerity measures had issued a moratorium on all hiring except for 'absolutely essential services'.
    Ex: For 'concept' may be read any relatively elementary term such as Libraries, Staff, Buildings, recruitment, Chemistry.
    * antes de la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].
    * con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].
    * con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].
    * contratación de personal cualificado de otras empresas = lateral hiring.
    * contratación de seguros = insurance broking.
    * contratación fija = tenure.
    * después de la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].

    * * *
    1 (de personal, un servicio) contracting, hiring
    los problemas que presenta la contratación de personal extranjero problems which arise when contracting o hiring o taking on foreign workers
    2 (en la bolsa) transactions (pl), trading
    * * *

    contratación sustantivo femenino hiring, contracting: se hace imprescindible la contratación de al menos cien bomberos, at least one hundred firemen must be urgently hired
    ' contratación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    flete
    English:
    recruitment
    - trading
    * * *
    1. [de personal] hiring;
    es urgente la contratación de un abogado we urgently need to hire a lawyer;
    la ley contempla diferentes modalidades de contratación the law provides o allows for different forms of recruitment;
    contratación indefinida o [m5]fija/temporal permanent/temporary contracts;
    ha bajado la contratación indefinida the number of (people in) permanent jobs has gone down;
    2. [de servicio, mercancías] [de hotel] hiring;
    [de vuelo] chartering contratación de obras (building) contracting
    3. Bolsa [de valores] trading, Br dealing
    * * *
    f
    1 de trabajadores hiring, recruitment
    2
    :

    Spanish-English dictionary > contratación

  • 10 escala salarial

    f.
    salary scale, wage scale, pay range, pay scale.
    * * *
    salary o wage scale
    * * *
    (n.) = salary scale, pay scale, salary schedule, salary range, salary band, sliding pay scale
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. This article considers the strengths of a pay scale as a work incentive.
    Ex. This performance-based pay scheme is based on a job classification and salary schedule and pay rises are flexible rather than automatic.
    Ex. By city-administered examination and promotion, his current salary range would be equalled and surpassed within a year to a year and a half.
    Ex. Salary breakdown in relation to continent showed that many people in senior posts in Western Europe, Africa and the Far East were in the lowest salary band, i.e. earning less than USD 20,000 per annum.
    Ex. We offer a sliding pay scale that quickly increases as you reach performance-related goals.
    * * *
    salary o wage scale
    * * *
    (n.) = salary scale, pay scale, salary schedule, salary range, salary band, sliding pay scale

    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

    Ex: This article considers the strengths of a pay scale as a work incentive.
    Ex: This performance-based pay scheme is based on a job classification and salary schedule and pay rises are flexible rather than automatic.
    Ex: By city-administered examination and promotion, his current salary range would be equalled and surpassed within a year to a year and a half.
    Ex: Salary breakdown in relation to continent showed that many people in senior posts in Western Europe, Africa and the Far East were in the lowest salary band, i.e. earning less than USD 20,000 per annum.
    Ex: We offer a sliding pay scale that quickly increases as you reach performance-related goals.

    Spanish-English dictionary > escala salarial

  • 11 franja salarial

    (n.) = salary scale, salary band
    Ex. The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.
    Ex. Salary breakdown in relation to continent showed that many people in senior posts in Western Europe, Africa and the Far East were in the lowest salary band, i.e. earning less than USD 20,000 per annum.
    * * *
    (n.) = salary scale, salary band

    Ex: The project is concerned with the investigation of conditions of appointment for women librarians as well as the grades and salary scales assigned to library tasks.

    Ex: Salary breakdown in relation to continent showed that many people in senior posts in Western Europe, Africa and the Far East were in the lowest salary band, i.e. earning less than USD 20,000 per annum.

    Spanish-English dictionary > franja salarial

  • 12 философия

    1. philosophy

     

    философия
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    philosophy
    The academic discipline concerned with making explicit the nature and significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs and investigating the intelligibility of concepts by means of rational argument concerning their presuppositions, implications, and interrelationships; in particular, the rational investigation of the nature and structure of reality (metaphysics), the resources and limits of knowledge (epistemology), the principles and import of moral judgment (ethics), and the relationship between language and reality (semantics). (Source: CED)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > философия

  • 13 касаться

    •

    We will not go into (or dwell on) problems which...

    •

    We have already touched on vapour pressure correlation forms.

    II
    •

    This paper concerns (or is concerned with) experimental control systems.

    •

    The article deals with (or discusses) the modifications at the power stations.

    •

    The same holds true for (or of) any sensitive device which...

    •

    The investigation concerned the effect of shock waves propagating into air.

    •

    One project is concerned with the possibility of producing electricity in low-temperature geothermal fields.

    III
    •

    The magnetic head is in contact with the surface of...

    * * *
    Касаться -- to be concerned with, to deal with, to have to do with (иметь отношение); to go into, to dwell on, to touch on (остановиться на); to be tangent (кривой)
     The second approach is concerned with the extent of crack propagation.
     Only three investigations deal directly with the transient free convection.
     A significant portion of the magnet design considerations has to do with the thermal design of the composite conductor.
     In our paper we did not dwell on this point primarily because of space limitation.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > касаться

  • 14 revista científica

    (n.) = journal, periodical, scholarly journal, scientific journal, technical journal, research journal, learned journal, scholarly periodical, scientific serial, scientific periodical, research periodical, academic journal
    Ex. In a journal most formal items including articles, essays, discussions and reviews can be expected to be accompanied by an abstract.
    Ex. Each local library is a separate administrative unit with separate and independent files for circulation, acquisitions, periodicals, and holdings.
    Ex. The number of full text data bases on-line is also increasing, providing instant access to newspapers and newswires, popular magazines and scholarly journals.
    Ex. This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.
    Ex. Surely these new resources will have a profound impact upon newspapers, magazines, technical journals and even books.
    Ex. The studies also revealed that the research journals received highest credibility among print media for information gathering by the scientists followed by books.
    Ex. The article 'Don't tax reading -- the case for a zero-rate for books' outlines the plea made by all those concerned with books in the European Economic Community that zero-rating should be applied to books and learned journals in forthcoming legislation.
    Ex. This article discusses the changing role of academic libraries in the dissemination of scholarly periodical articles.
    Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex. During the Second World War scientific periodicals were severely censored in many countries almost to the point of total emasculation.
    Ex. The value of the research periodical has never been well understood.
    Ex. The academic journal as a model of information dissemination is one of the forms of publishing being affected most dramatically by the development of the Internet.
    * * *
    (n.) = journal, periodical, scholarly journal, scientific journal, technical journal, research journal, learned journal, scholarly periodical, scientific serial, scientific periodical, research periodical, academic journal

    Ex: In a journal most formal items including articles, essays, discussions and reviews can be expected to be accompanied by an abstract.

    Ex: Each local library is a separate administrative unit with separate and independent files for circulation, acquisitions, periodicals, and holdings.
    Ex: The number of full text data bases on-line is also increasing, providing instant access to newspapers and newswires, popular magazines and scholarly journals.
    Ex: This article reports the findings of an investigation which was conducted in order to determine if either the impact factor or the immediacy index provide useful insights into the qualitative relations among scientific journals.
    Ex: Surely these new resources will have a profound impact upon newspapers, magazines, technical journals and even books.
    Ex: The studies also revealed that the research journals received highest credibility among print media for information gathering by the scientists followed by books.
    Ex: The article 'Don't tax reading -- the case for a zero-rate for books' outlines the plea made by all those concerned with books in the European Economic Community that zero-rating should be applied to books and learned journals in forthcoming legislation.
    Ex: This article discusses the changing role of academic libraries in the dissemination of scholarly periodical articles.
    Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex: During the Second World War scientific periodicals were severely censored in many countries almost to the point of total emasculation.
    Ex: The value of the research periodical has never been well understood.
    Ex: The academic journal as a model of information dissemination is one of the forms of publishing being affected most dramatically by the development of the Internet.

    Spanish-English dictionary > revista científica

  • 15 задача

    (-= проблема, задание) problem, task
    • Аналитически эта задача весьма трудноразрешима. - Prom an analytical point of view, the problem is quite formidable.
    • В связи с данной задачей стоит заметить, что... - In connection with this problem it is worth noting that...
    • В такой постановке эта задача не может быть решена. - Thus stated, the problem can't be solved.
    • Вместо того, чтобы пытаться сделать общее исследование задачи, мы... - Rather than attempt a general investigation of the problem, we...
    • Возвращаясь к нашей первоначальной задаче, мы видим, что... - Returning to our original problem, we see that...
    • Возможно, что первой серьезной попыткой решить задачу была... - Perhaps the first serious attempt to solve the problem was...
    • Давайте рассмотрим эту задачу о... еще раз. - Let us reconsider the problem of...
    • Давайте решим еще одну более простую задачу. - Let us work one more simple problem.
    • Далее наша задача состоит в том, чтобы определить... - Our problem is then to determine...
    • Данная задача решается при помощи... - The problem is solved by means of...
    • Для любой сформулированной задачи всегда можно... - In any given problem, one can always...
    • До сих пор мы не упоминали о задаче... - We have not yet mentioned the problem of...
    • Другие подходы к той же задаче будут намечены ниже. - The different approaches to this problem will be outlined below.
    • Другой способ решения задачи начинается с уравнения... - Another attack on the problem starts from the equation...
    • Задача конкретизируется следующим образом. - The problem is specified as follows.
    • Задача состоит в нахождении численных решений для... - The problem is to find numerical solutions for...
    • Задача усложняется тем обстоятельством, что... - The problem is complicated by the fact that...
    • Задача, которая будет рассматриваться в данном параграфе... - The problem to be considered in this section...
    • Затем задача сводится к выводу формулы для... - The problem is then to deduce a formula for...
    • Значительно более простая, однако имеющая практический интерес задача состоит в вычислении... - A much simpler problem, but one of practical interest, is to calculate...
    • Известно, что эта задача является достаточно трудной, хотя... - This problem is known to be quite difficult, although...
    • Имеются три способа (= метода) решения такой задачи. - There are three ways of attacking such a problem.
    • Используя эту простую задачу, мы сможем проиллюстрировать... - With this simple problem we will be able to illustrate...
    • Математически можно поставить задачу следующим образом. - The problem can be stated mathematically as follows.
    • Мы немедленно обобщим задачу следующим образом:... - We immediately generalize the problem as follows:...
    • Мы рассматриваем задачу нахождения... - We are concerned with the problem of finding the...
    • Мы рассматриваем здесь задачу, которая... - We are dealing here with a problem which is...
    • Мы также уже обсудили эту задачу в главе 2. - We have also discussed this problem in Chapter 2.
    • Мы часто будем встречаться с задачей (нахождения, определения и т. п.)... - We shall often be faced with the problem of...
    • Наша задача состоит в том, чтобы найти... - Our task now is to find...
    • Нашей задачей является нахождение общей формулы для... - The problem is to find a general formula for...
    • Некоторые из этих задач возникают из (того) факта, что..., - Some of the problems arise from the fact that...
    • Непосредственное обобщение является нашей следующей задачей. - A direct extension is the following problem.
    • Общую задачу можно поставить математически в терминах... - The general problem can be stated mathematically in terms of...
    • Обычно это сложная задача. - This is usually a tricky problem.
    • Один класс интересных задач посвящен... - A class of interesting problems is concerned with...
    • Одна из интерпретаций этой задачи состоит в том, что... - One interpretation of this problem is that...
    • Однако задача становится много проще, если... - The problem, however, becomes much simpler if...
    • Однако подавляющее большинство практических задач рассматривает... - However, the vast majority of practical problems are concerned with...
    • Она (задача) будет иметь решение тогда и только тогда, когда... - This will have a solution if and only if...
    • Основной вопрос состоит в том, как мы должны подойти к задаче... - The main question is how we should approach the problem of...
    • Позднее мы узнаем как решать более практические задачи. - We shall learn how to treat more practical problems later.
    • Последний результат особенно полезен для задач, имеющих дело с... - The above result is particularly useful for problems involving...
    • Прежде чем рассматривать задачу, удобно напомнить, что... - Before considering the problem it will be convenient to recall...
    • При решении данной задачи важно отметить, что... - In solving this problem it is important to notice that...
    • Решения этой задачи легко вытекают из... - Solutions of this problem follow readily from...
    • Следующие задачи помогут показать важность... - The following problems will help show that importance of...
    • Строгое рассмотрение задачи показывает, что... - A rigorous treatment of the problem shows that...
    • Существенный интерес представляет задача определения... - It is a problem of considerable interest to determine...
    • Существует много способов решения данной задачи. - There are many ways to solve this problem.
    • Существуют разные пути решения этой задачи. - There are various ways of tackling this problem.
    • Существуют три способа, которыми мы могли бы решить задачу... - There are three ways by which we may approach the problem of...
    • Та же самая задача может быть решена непосредственно (применяя, путем и т. п.)... - The same problem might be solved directly by...
    • Таким образом, наша задача сводится к вычислению... - Our problem becomes, therefore, one of evaluating...
    • Часто возникающая задача состоит в следующем:... - A problem which arises very frequently is...
    • Чтобы поставить задачу однозначно, требуется дополнительное условие. - A further condition is required to specify the problem uniquely.
    • Чтобы решить задачу такого типа, мы... - То solve this type of problem, we...
    • Чтобы решить нашу задачу, нам необходимо знать величину... - То solve our problem we need the value of...
    • Чтобы упростить задачу, давайте предположим, что... - То simplify the problem, let us suppose that...
    • Эта задача изучается, поскольку... - This problem is studied because...
    • Эта задача особенно трудна в случае... - The problem is particularly severe in the case of...
    • Эта задача решается применением... - The problem is solved by applying...
    • Эта задача также рассматривается Смитом [1]. - This problem is also treated by Smith [1].
    • Эти задачи поддаются исследованию (с помощью)... - These problems are amenable to treatment by...
    • Это завело бы нас слишком далеко от задачи обсудить... - It would lead us too far a field to discuss...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > задача

  • 16 iniciar

    v.
    to start, to initiate.
    iniciar a alguien en algo to initiate somebody into something
    El juez inició la carrera The judge initiated the race.
    El maestro inició a Ricardo The teacher initiated Richard.
    Ricardo inició ayer Richard started yesterday.
    Las máquinas iniciaron ayer The machines started=began operation yesterday
    * * *
    1 (empezar) to start, begin
    2 (introducir) to initiate (en, in)
    1 (empezar) to start, begin
    \
    iniciarse en to start to learn about
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ actividad] (=comenzar) to begin, start, initiate frm; (=dar origen a) to originate; (=fundar) to pioneer

    iniciar la sesión — (Inform) to log in, log on

    2) [en conocimientos, secta] to initiate (en into)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) <curso/viaje> to begin, commence (frml); <negociaciones/diligencias> to initiate, commence (frml)
    b) ( en secta)
    2.
    iniciarse v pron
    1) ceremonia/negociaciones to begin, commence (frml)
    a) ( en secta)
    * * *
    = initiate, institute, start, inaugurate, pioneer, enter, lead off, detonate, usher in.
    Ex. The scheme was initiated under the auspices of UNISIST with the intention of providing a switching language.
    Ex. The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.
    Ex. Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.
    Ex. In the beginning staff delivered books to readers in their homes, while in 1972 a mobile library service was inaugurated enabling readers to choose their own materials.
    Ex. Icons, or pictorial representations of objects in systems, were pioneered by Xerox.
    Ex. Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.
    Ex. Laurence Prusak will lead off the guest lectures on Monday, August 20th.
    Ex. There has been an explosion in terminology detonated by developments related to XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
    Ex. Optical technology has ushered in a new phase in the storage and retrieval of information.
    ----
    * fuego + iniciar = fire + break out.
    * iniciar el vuelo = take to + the sky.
    * iniciar las actividades = get + things going, get + things rolling, start + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling.
    * iniciar los trámites = initiate + action.
    * iniciarse = cut + Posesivo + spurs.
    * iniciar una cruzada por = crusade for.
    * iniciar una investigación = launch + investigation.
    * iniciar una negociación = open + discussion.
    * iniciar un proyecto = launch + effort.
    * que se inicie la contienda = let battle commence.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) <curso/viaje> to begin, commence (frml); <negociaciones/diligencias> to initiate, commence (frml)
    b) ( en secta)
    2.
    iniciarse v pron
    1) ceremonia/negociaciones to begin, commence (frml)
    a) ( en secta)
    * * *
    = initiate, institute, start, inaugurate, pioneer, enter, lead off, detonate, usher in.

    Ex: The scheme was initiated under the auspices of UNISIST with the intention of providing a switching language.

    Ex: The librarians have instituted a series of campaigns, including displays and leaflets on specific issues, eg family income supplement, rent and rates rebates, and school grants.
    Ex: Over the past two to three years the numbers of full text data bases and data banks has started to escalate considerably.
    Ex: In the beginning staff delivered books to readers in their homes, while in 1972 a mobile library service was inaugurated enabling readers to choose their own materials.
    Ex: Icons, or pictorial representations of objects in systems, were pioneered by Xerox.
    Ex: Though the reference librarian cannot enter the reference process until he receives the question from the enquirer he is vitally concerned about all of its stages.
    Ex: Laurence Prusak will lead off the guest lectures on Monday, August 20th.
    Ex: There has been an explosion in terminology detonated by developments related to XML (eXtensible Markup Language).
    Ex: Optical technology has ushered in a new phase in the storage and retrieval of information.
    * fuego + iniciar = fire + break out.
    * iniciar el vuelo = take to + the sky.
    * iniciar las actividades = get + things going, get + things rolling, start + the ball rolling, set + the ball rolling.
    * iniciar los trámites = initiate + action.
    * iniciarse = cut + Posesivo + spurs.
    * iniciar una cruzada por = crusade for.
    * iniciar una investigación = launch + investigation.
    * iniciar una negociación = open + discussion.
    * iniciar un proyecto = launch + effort.
    * que se inicie la contienda = let battle commence.

    * * *
    iniciar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ( frml); ‹curso/viaje› to begin, commence ( frml); ‹negociaciones/diligencias› to initiate, commence ( frml)
    2 (en una secta) iniciar A algn EN algo to initiate sb INTO sth
    3 (en un arte) iniciar a algn EN algo to introduce sb TO sth
    4 ( Inf) to boot, boot up
    A «ceremonia/negociaciones» to begin, commence ( frml)
    B «persona»
    1 (en una secta) iniciarse EN algo to be initiated INTO sth
    2 (en un arte) iniciarse EN algo to take one's first steps IN sth
    se iniciaban en el arte de la oratoria they were taking their first steps in the art of public speaking
    * * *

     

    iniciar ( conjugate iniciar) verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) ‹curso/viaje› to begin, commence (frml);

    ‹negociaciones/diligencias› to initiate, commence (frml)
    b) iniciar a algn en algo ‹ en secta› to initiate sb into sth;

    ‹ en un arte› to introduce sb to sth
    iniciarse verbo pronominal
    1 [ceremonia/negociaciones] to begin, commence (frml)
    2 [ persona] iniciarse en algo ‹ en secta› to be initiated into sth;
    ‹ en un arte› to take one's first steps in sth
    iniciar verbo transitivo
    1 (dar comienzo) to begin, start; (poner en marcha) to initiate
    iniciar el proceso de paz, to initiate the peace process ➣ Ver nota en begin y start 2 (impartir los primeros conocimientos) to initiate [en, in, into]
    (introducir en un grupo, un secreto) to initiate [en, into]
    ' iniciar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abrir
    - entablar
    - lanzarse
    - proceder
    English:
    action
    - enter into
    - get
    - initiate
    - institute
    - open
    - should
    - introduce
    - kick
    - prosecute
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [empezar] to start, to initiate;
    [debate, discusión] to start off
    2. [en sociedad, secreto]
    iniciar a alguien en algo to initiate sb into sth
    3. [en disciplina]
    iniciar a alguien en algo to introduce sb to sth
    * * *
    v/t initiate; curso start, begin
    * * *
    comenzar: to initiate, to begin
    * * *
    iniciar vb to begin [pt. began; pp. begun]

    Spanish-English dictionary > iniciar

  • 17 касаться

    •

    We will not go into (or dwell on) problems which...

    •

    We have already touched on vapour pressure correlation forms.

    II
    •

    This paper concerns (or is concerned with) experimental control systems.

    •

    The article deals with (or discusses) the modifications at the power stations.

    •

    The same holds true for (or of) any sensitive device which...

    •

    The investigation concerned the effect of shock waves propagating into air.

    •

    One project is concerned with the possibility of producing electricity in low-temperature geothermal fields.

    III
    •

    The magnetic head is in contact with the surface of...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > касаться

  • 18 Appleton, Sir Edward Victor

    [br]
    b. 6 September 1892 Bradford, England
    d. 21 April 1965 Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the ionospheric layer, named after him, which is an efficient reflector of short radio waves, thereby making possible long-distance radio communication.
    [br]
    After early ambitions to become a professional cricketer, Appleton went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied under J.J.Thompson and Ernest Rutherford. His academic career interrupted by the First World War, he served as a captain in the Royal Engineers, carrying out investigations into the propagation and fading of radio signals. After the war he joined the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, as a demonstrator in 1920, and in 1924 he moved to King's College, London, as Wheatstone Professor of Physics.
    In the following decade he contributed to developments in valve oscillators (in particular, the "squegging" oscillator, which formed the basis of the first hard-valve time-base) and gained international recognition for research into electromagnetic-wave propagation. His most important contribution was to confirm the existence of a conducting ionospheric layer in the upper atmosphere capable of reflecting radio waves, which had been predicted almost simultaneously by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902. This he did by persuading the BBC in 1924 to vary the frequency of their Bournemouth transmitter, and he then measured the signal received at Cambridge. By comparing the direct and reflected rays and the daily variation he was able to deduce that the Kennelly- Heaviside (the so-called E-layer) was at a height of about 60 miles (97 km) above the earth and that there was a further layer (the Appleton or F-layer) at about 150 miles (240 km), the latter being an efficient reflector of the shorter radio waves that penetrated the lower layers. During the period 1927–32 and aided by Hartree, he established a magneto-ionic theory to explain the existence of the ionosphere. He was instrumental in obtaining agreement for international co-operation for ionospheric and other measurements in the form of the Second Polar Year (1932–3) and, much later, the International Geophysical Year (1957–8). For all this work, which made it possible to forecast the optimum frequencies for long-distance short-wave communication as a function of the location of transmitter and receiver and of the time of day and year, in 1947 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.
    He returned to Cambridge as Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in 1939, and with M.F. Barnett he investigated the possible use of radio waves for radio-location of aircraft. In 1939 he became Secretary of the Government Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, a post he held for ten years. During the Second World War he contributed to the development of both radar and the atomic bomb, and subsequently served on government committees concerned with the use of atomic energy (which led to the establishment of Harwell) and with scientific staff.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted (KCB 1941, GBE 1946). Nobel Prize for Physics 1947. FRS 1927. Vice- President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1932. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1933. Institute of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1946. Vice-Chancellor, Edinburgh University 1947. Institution of Civil Engineers Ewing Medal 1949. Royal Medallist 1950. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1962. President, British Association 1953. President, Radio Industry Council 1955–7. Légion d'honneur. LLD University of St Andrews 1947.
    Bibliography
    1925, joint paper with Barnett, Nature 115:333 (reports Appleton's studies of the ionosphere).
    1928, "Some notes of wireless methods of investigating the electrical structure of the upper atmosphere", Proceedings of the Physical Society 41(Part III):43. 1932, Thermionic Vacuum Tubes and Their Applications (his work on valves).
    1947, "The investigation and forecasting of ionospheric conditions", Journal of the
    Institution of Electrical Engineers 94, Part IIIA: 186 (a review of British work on the exploration of the ionosphere).
    with J.F.Herd \& R.A.Watson-Watt, British patent no. 235,254 (squegging oscillator).
    Further Reading
    Who Was Who, 1961–70 1972, VI, London: A. \& C.Black (for fuller details of honours). R.Clark, 1971, Sir Edward Appleton, Pergamon (biography).
    J.Jewkes, D.Sawers \& R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Appleton, Sir Edward Victor

  • 19 Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1 September 1865 Ouillins, Rhône, France
    d. 25 November 1945 Paris, France
    [br]
    French metallurgist, originator of the Charpy pendulum impact method of testing metals.
    [br]
    After graduating in chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1887, Charpy continued to work there on the physical chemistry of solutions for his doctorate. He joined the Laboratoire d'Artillerie de la Marine in 1892 and began to study the structure and mechanical properties of various steels in relation to their previous heat treatment. His first memoir, on the mechanical properties of steels quenched from various temperatures, was published in 1892 on the advice of Henri Le Chatelier. He joined the Compagnie de Chatillon Commentry Fourchamboult et Decazeville at their steelworks in Imphy in 1898, shortly after the discovery of Invar by G.E. Guillaume. Most of the alloys required for this investigation had been prepared at Imphy, and their laboratories were therefore well equipped with sensitive and refined dilatometric facilities. Charpy and his colleague L.Grenet utilized this technique in many of their earlier investigations, which were largely concerned with the transformation points of steel. He began to study the magnetic characteristics of silicon steels in 1902, shortly after their use as transformer laminations had first been proposed by Hadfield and his colleagues in 1900. Charpy was the first to show that the magnetic hysteresis of these alloys decreased rapidly as their grain size increased.
    The first details of Charpy's pendulum impact testing machine were published in 1901, about two years before Izod read his paper to the British Association. As with Izod's machine, the energy of fracture was measured by the retardation of the pendulum. Charpy's test pieces, however, unlike those of Izod, were in the form of centrally notched beams, freely supported at each end against rigid anvils. This arrangement, it was believed, transmitted less energy to the frame of the machine and allowed the energy of fracture to be more accurately measured. In practice, however, the blow of the pendulum in the Charpy test caused visible distortion in the specimen as a whole. Both tests were still widely used in the 1990s.
    In 1920 Charpy left Imphy to become Director-General of the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine et Homecourt. After his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1918, he came to be associated with Floris Osmond and Henri Le Chatelier as one of the founders of the "French School of Physical Metallurgy". Around the turn of the century he had contributed much to the development of the metallurgical microscope and had helped to introduce the Chatelier thermocouple into the laboratory and to industry. He also popularized the use of platinum-wound resistance furnaces for laboratory purposes. After 1920 his industrial responsibilities increased greatly, although he continued to devote much of his time to teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris, and at the Ecole Polytechnique. His first book, Leçons de Chimie (1892, Paris), was written at the beginning of his career, in association with H.Gautier. His last, Notions élémentaires de sidérurgie (1946, Paris), with P.Pingault as co-author, was published posthumously.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Charpy published important metallurgical papers in Comptes rendus… Académie des Sciences, Paris.
    Further Reading
    R.Barthélémy, 1947, "Notice sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Charpy", Notices et discours, Académie des Sciences, Paris (June).
    M.Caullery, 1945, "Annonce du décès de M.G. Charpy" Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences, Paris 221:677.
    P.G.Bastien, 1963, "Microscopic metallurgy in France prior to 1920", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgical Society Conference Vol.27, pp. 171–88.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert

  • 20 приступать к

    •

    We now turn to a close examination of...

    •

    Eventually, astronomers got around to making such maps.

    •

    We now proceed to a study of hyperbolic systems.

    •

    We have embarked on an extensive research project.

    •

    In initiating infrared observations one of our earliest hopes was to discover...

    •

    The company entered the field of die casting in 1982.

    •

    Chemists set out to prepare new aromatic systems other than...

    •

    Before going into a detailed description of the system...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > приступать к

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